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USS ''Dallas'' (DD-199) was a ''Clemson''-class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War II. She was the second ship named for Captain Alexander J. Dallas, and was later renamed ''Alexander Dallas''. ''Dallas'' was launched 31 May 1919 by Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company; sponsored by Miss W. D. Strong, great granddaughter of Captain Dallas; and commissioned 29 October 1920, Lieutenant E. H. Roach in temporary command. Lieutenant A. R. Early assumed command 10 November 1920. ==Service history== ''Dallas'' operated on the east coast, participating in exercises and maneuvers from her base at Charleston, South Carolina. She arrived at Philadelphia 12 April 1922 and was decommissioned there 26 June. Recommissioned on 14 April 1925, ''Dallas'' served with various destroyer squadrons, acting as flagship for Squadrons 9, 7, and 1. Until 1931, she cruised on the east coast and in the Caribbean, engaging in gunnery exercises, battle torpedo practice, fleet maneuvers and problems; participating in joint Army-Navy exercises; training members of the Naval Reserve; and serving as experimental ship at the Naval Torpedo Station, Newport, Rhode Island.〔 On 9 January 1932, ''Dallas'' sailed from Charleston, for the west coast, arriving at San Diego, 21 March. She operated along the west coast and in the Hawaiian Islands, conducting force practice and tactical exercises and participating in combined fleet exercises.〔 ''Dallas'' sailed from San Diego 9 April 1934 for the Presidential Review of the Fleet in June 1934 at New York City, and tactical exercises on the east coast and in the Caribbean. Returning to San Diego 9 November, ''Dallas'' continued to operate in the Pacific until 1938, cruising to Hawaii and Alaska.〔 ''Dallas'' operated in the Panama Canal Zone area between May and November 1938, visiting ports of the Republic of Panama; rendering service to Submarine Squadron 3; and making a good-will call at Buenaventura, Colombia. On 17 November she weighed anchor for the east coast, arriving at Philadelphia 6 days later. She was again placed out of commission 23 March 1939.〔 With the outbreak of World War II in Europe, ''Dallas'' was recommissioned 25 September 1939 and assigned to the Atlantic Fleet, serving as flagship for Destroyer Squadrons 41 and 30. She patrolled the Atlantic coast and conducted training exercises until 7 July 1941 when she got underway for NS Argentia, Newfoundland, arriving 4 days later. Between 11 July 1941 and 10 March 1942 she patrolled between Argentia and Halifax, Nova Scotia and escorted convoys to Reykjavík, Iceland, and Londonderry, Northern Ireland.〔 From 1 April 1942 to 3 October, ''Dallas'' escorted coastal shipping from New York and Norfolk, Virginia to Florida, Texas, Cuba, Bermuda, and ports in the Caribbean. On 25 October she cleared Norfolk to rendezvous with TP 34 bound for the landings on North Africa. ''Dallas'' was to carry a U.S. Army Raider battalion, and land them up the narrow, shallow, obstructed river to take a strategic airport near Port Lyautey, French Morocco. On 10 November she began her run up the Sebou River under the guidance of Rene Malavergne, a civilian pilot (who would later be the first foreign civilian to receive the Navy Cross). Under cannon and small arms fire throughout, she plowed her way through mud and shallow water, narrowly missing the many sunken ships and other obstructions, and sliced through a cable crossing the river, to land her troops safely just off the airport. Her outstanding success in completing this mission with its many unexpected complications won her the Presidential Unit Citation. On 15 November, she departed the African coast for Boston, Massachusetts, arriving 26 November.〔 ''Dallas'' had convoy duty between Norfolk, New York and New London, Connecticut making one voyage to Gibraltar from 3 March to 14 April 1943, until 9 May when she departed Norfolk for Oran, Algeria, arriving 23 May. She patrolled off the North African coast, then on 9 July joined TF 81 for screening duty during the Amphibious Battle of Gela, Sicily, from 10 to 12 July.〔La Monte, John L. & Lewis, Winston B. ''The Sicilian Campaign, 10 July - 17 August 1943'' (1993) United States Government Printing Office ISBN 0-945274-17-3 p.65〕 She returned to convoy and patrol duties until 7 September when she joined the escort for a convoy bound for the landings on the Italian mainland. ''Dallas'' screened the transport group during the landings at Salerno 9 September, and joined a south-bound convoy two days later, rescuing two downed British airmen on her way to Oran. She escorted reinforcements to Salerno, then served on escort and patrol in the Mediterranean until 11 December when she got underway for the east coast, arriving at Philadelphia on Christmas Eve.〔 Following a thorough overhaul at Charleston, ''Dallas'' escorted two convoys to North Africa between 23 February and 9 June 1944. On the second voyage, the escorts came under attack by enemy torpedo planes on 11 May, but successfully defended the convoy; ''Dallas'' shot down at least one plane, and damaged others. She served on the east coast on various training and convoy assignments until 7 June 1945, when she reported to Philadelphia. Her name was changed to ''Alexander Dallas'' 31 March 1945 to avoid confusion with the cruiser , then planned for construction〔 to be named after the city in Texas rather than Alexander J. Dallas. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「USS Dallas (DD-199)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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